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56. The Anthropological Distinctions of the Chinese

/. The absolute measurements of the Chinese correlate each other. The stature and the head-breadth are the fundamental characters that determine other absolute measurements, except nasal, frontal and auricular characteristics. Some of these charateristics cannot be useful from the point of view of the differentiation of the groups and types because of the insignificant variations.

//. The stature, head-breadth, height of the forehead, also the breadth and length of the nose are fundamental measurements, that form the basis of the anthropological differentiations. Other measurements can be used also as the characteristics of the differentiated groups, because they correlate the stature and head-breadth.

///. The relative measurements follow the same regularity as the absolute measurements. The indices related to the stature do not show significant differences, but the indices related to the head-breadth, frontal and nasal measurements, also the interzy-gomatic breadth, show very accentuated differences.

IV. The differences of the Chinese groups are based on the peculiar characters of the anthropological types that compose these groups. The types are not abstract ones, but quite concrete. Also the extreme variations and hypothetic types, which I have supposed to influence the amalgamated series, are concrete too, but the number of individuals which represent these types are generally in an insignificant minority.

Note on Section IV.

All these deductions are based on the supposition that the amalgamation of two and more types creates a great number of individuals who can be characterized by the intermediary characters.

V. The differentiation of the types is based on the stature, cephalic index, nasal index and frontal index. Therefore I admit that the differentiation of the Chinese cannot be based on a preliminary limited number of measurements and indices. For example the type A and type B are differentiated by the characteristic nasal index and frontal index while the stature and cephalic index of these types are so close that these types cannot be surely distinguished in the fields of correlation (See Tables A and F). The types A and Γ have about the same cephalic index, but very different stature, the variations of which sometimes might be considered as «normal dispersion» if the difference of the nasal index and frontal index were not so significant and characteristic for these types. Thus, generally, a choice of the characteristics to differentiate groups and types must be made unless the analysis of the materials is complete.

 
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